This firm specialises in caravan and boat LED lamps however I don't think we are talking about specials we are talking about lamps you would buy in the local supermarket.
The units could be AC or DC and they could use capacitors as current limiters, however for 12 volt it is very unlikely that is the case, much more likely is a simple resistor. So the big question is if the extra voltage from a battery will overload the device?
A lead acid battery has a nominal voltage of 12, but it can be anywhere between 11 - 14.8 volt depending if on charge or not and what state of charge. If not charged and used at same time then 11 - 13 volt, but we don't know if solar panels are being used.
So to use LED lamps designed for a power supply then what we want is to reduce voltage to 12 volt or under, you could use a 12 to 12 volt inverter, but that seems a bit of over kill, would be better buying proper battery lamps. The other two options are resistors or diodes, a 1 amp diode would reduce voltage by 0.6 volt so two diodes will reduce voltage enough, I have in the past put them in in-line fuse holders, most LED packages will still give out a far amount of light at 10 volt and we would not want to bring a lead acid battery to below 11 volt, so most likely you can use standard domestic LED lamps on a battery.
It may be the wiring is enough to reduce the voltage, and it is unlikely the lamps will be damaged if lit long enough to measure the voltage, they may even work without fitting some voltage reducer, the question is do you pay £8.50 for a 3 watt lamp you know will work, or £1.70 for one which may work? (Looking at MR16 replacements) one point is the special bulb for battery use is around 100 lumen per watt, the cheap one designed for domestic is around 70 lumen per watt, in fact with volt dropper less than that, so you would need a larger battery, for same amount of light.
So question is really is it worth using domestic 12 volt lamps with all the messing around required, or just get the proper ones?