This debate is interminably repeated.....
The facts are:
- the building (house, office, whatever) needs to be warm enough for its intended purpose. If YOU decide that 17 degrees (plus an extra sweater) is OK for you, then it's OK.
- it's MOST unlikely that 'under-heating' a building will actually encourage damp. If it's so cold that there are corners where condensation forms, then TWO issues need to be looked at. 1. There's probably (a) moisture source(s) inside that need investigation and / or damp penetration 2. Insufficient VENTILATION.
The rate at which a building loses heat through the walls, etc. depends mostly on the difference in temperature between inside and outside. The bigger the difference, the more heat runs downhill! So if you OVER heat a building, past the temperature you want to be at, that's additionally wasteful.
Also, if you work any boiler hard, more heat will be wasted in the flue gases. This is ESPECIALLY the case if you run a condensing boiler above condensing temperature - ie. with most of the heat exchanger ABOVE 56C degrees. It follows that the Return water going back to the boiler must be considerably below 56 to make this happen. Therefore, the flow temperature must not exceed 75 AT MOST and ideally should be well below that.
So: the general answers are:
- heat only when you need to.
- and heat as gently as possible.
And, of course, heating is the LAST thing you turn to, when conservation of energy (via insulation, heat-recovery, etc.) have all been done to the maximum economic extent.