Gurgling from bath/sink - only in heavy rain

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I've noticed during the recent bout of rain that our upstairs plumbing exhibits some strange behaviour when the rain is heavy, with the toilet and bath gurgling and bubbling. Our waste water and surface water drainage are on a shared system, so my guess is that the influx of rainwater into the drains possibly causes some sort of backlog. Anyway, that's just my speculation. Really hope somebody can have a go at diagnosing this as there's not much left in the family piggy bank! I am saving up for a completely new roof, so anything like this helps.

Our plumbing set-up

House is detached but shares a private sewer with next door, which then connects to the main public sewer in the outside road. At the back of the house is a soil stack which terminates below the abutment/roof line of a rear single-story extension. There is a flat area on the roof near to the stack and below the bathroom window, and I can see a small vent here suggesting there must be some sort of air admittance valve. The upstairs bath, shower and toilet appear to drain into the stack fairly close to the top of it. The stack then runs down into the kitchen (behind the plasterboard), where a downstairs WC/utility drain into the bottom of the stack. From there, the foul waters run under the extension to the private drain, with the kitchen drainage and two rainwater downpipes joining the sewer via outside traps. No visible manhole cover.

The Problem

During heavy rain, the bath will gurgle/bubble when the toilet is flushed. I can see water coming up from the trap into the bath. When the shower is used, the toilet pan will bubble away - I can see large air bubbles coming up from out the U-bend and up to the surface. If flushed during a shower, the bath gurgles quite violently, throwing water up into the bath. This suggests a lot of air is being pushed back up? No other plumbing in the house shows signs of problems, there are no odd smells, no visible leaks. After the rain has stopped for a while, everything returns to normal. When I say 'normal' I have noticed that when the toilet is flushed, water drains away quite quickly and continues to drain until the pan is almost empty, when there is a loud burp/gurgle and it then fills mainly back up.

I've possibly waffled a bit here and missed out bits. If anybody doesn't mind sharing their thoughts I'll answer whatever I can. We don't flush anything you shouldn't (we are strict on this). I have only replaced one part which was the P-trap on the shower (old one was broken and leaking), however this was only recently and has made no difference.
 
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I've noticed during the recent bout of rain that our upstairs plumbing exhibits some strange behaviour when the rain is heavy, with the toilet and bath gurgling and bubbling. Our waste water and surface water drainage are on a shared system, so my guess is that the influx of rainwater into the drains possibly causes some sort of backlog. Anyway, that's just my speculation. Really hope somebody can have a go at diagnosing this as there's not much left in the family piggy bank! I am saving up for a completely new roof, so anything like this helps.

Check the vent pipe is clear, or the air admittance valve is working.
 
Our waste water and surface water drainage are on a shared system, so my guess is that the influx of rainwater into the drains possibly causes some sort of backlog.
Just some back pressure from the sewers during heavy rain and strong winds.
 
Bit of an update on this... we now have bubbling from the shower waste trap, the bath and the toilet despite there having been no rain for a number of days. This happens whenever water drains away. The shower drains slowly, but there is no blockage in the pipe. There is a faint smell of sewage in the room after any of the drains have been used.

I guessed it to be an issue with the air admittance valve (there is no open soil stack at this property), so yesterday I temporarily removed the trap from the bath (basically leaving an open-ended pipe) and ran the shower. The water drained freely and there was no gurgling -- surely this means the stack is now getting a supply of air to pull down with the water? If so, I understand this, but the issue is now how to fix.

I have some pictures. In the corner of the kitchen is some boxing in to hide the stack, so I cut out a section at the top and took some pictures looking inside. The black 4" pipe coming out of the wall is of course from the toilet, which sits directly to the other side of the wall. The white solvent weld piping is from the bath. The flexi-piping in the background may just be from an extractor fan which is below the bathroom, and this runs straight up into the ground floor extension roof space (where there is a vent in the tiles). There's also an unidentified item in clay-coloured plastic (a valve?), which can be seen behind the flexi-pipe and also up-close.

I appreciate they're not the best pictures, but they're the best I could do with the available space. I think/hope, that the clay-coloured pipe is indeed the valve and that waste water goes down beyond this, below the valve.

The whole setup looks - in the words of the local youth - 'rate dodge'. I can't fathom how I'd go about sorting this, but I do want to DIY it. Partly because I want to learn and mainly because life is a constant financial drain.

Really appreciate any input!
 

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I guessed it to be an issue with the air admittance valve (there is no open soil stack at this property), so yesterday I temporarily removed the trap from the bath (basically leaving an open-ended pipe) and ran the shower. The water drained freely and there was no gurgling -- surely this means the stack is now getting a supply of air to pull down with the water? If so, I understand this, but the issue is now how to fix.

You need to follow the stack up, to the very top, which is where you will find the AAV. Then find out why the AAV is not opening, when there is a vacuum within the stack, it doesn't take much, to make them stick. Chances are, the AAV is in your loft.
 
You need to follow the stack up, to the very top, which is where you will find the AAV. Then find out why the AAV is not opening, when there is a vacuum within the stack, it doesn't take much, to make them stick. Chances are, the AAV is in your loft.

Thanks, yes it all seems to sound like a vacuum. The stack actually terminates at a level somewhere below the bathroom window sill, in a ground floor extension roof space. In the past it used to run up the back of the house to the roof, but was reduced in height to avoid having to tile around it.

I’m wondering if it’s the item I’ve pictured, and hoped it might look familiar to somebody.
 
Okay I’ve located the AAV. As per the attached, it’s on the top of a stack which runs behind all the visible plumbing. This then goes into the roof void. To change the valve, it means getting onto the roof and lifting the flashing and slate.

To avoid doing this, would a 40mm AAV (installed in-line on 40mm pipe from the bath/sink/shower) allow enough air in? It would be below the ‘flood line’ but I have read this is okay with class A AAVs. Unsure on whether this would work as I don’t know how high these AAVs have to be.

The roof is being re-slated in a few years so the 110mm stack AAV could be changed then. This would be to get us by until then.
 

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Air Admittance Valves's do as it says on the tin, they admit air into the system, when for example, the WC is flushed and fills the soil pipe, to prevent traps being pulled. What they wont do, is let positive pressure out.

You may possibly have a blockage somewhere, check any manholes/inspection chambers, to see if there is any backing up of sewage. If no issue found, and this is a recent issue, I'd get onto the Water Company as your Sewerage provider and ask them to check their sewers are clear.

Surcharging during heavy rainfall isn't surprising, but if there is a partial blockage in the main sewer, this would have the effect of causing effluent to back up, pushing the air behind it back up into your house drains. If this air cannot escape, (would need an open vent to escape from), the it looks for the easiest path out, which is usually a bath, shower or basin trap.

Your removing the bath trap has provided the open vent the system needs to allow the drains to operate at atmospheric pressure on the property, upstream of the blockage. The system didn't pull air in, it's pushed air out that would otherwise have been trapped and looked for an alternative exit.
 
Had similar where waste pipes entered drain which would back up during rain due to partial blockage putting the waste outlets under water which caused gurgling etc .
 

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