1. The Sunvic Vk4451 is an immersion heater "rod" thermostat, it's not the actual immersion heater.
2. If you want to find out if it is the thermostat or immersion heater (more likely) causing the short circuit, then. if you are comfortable with dealing with lethal mains electricity and you have a multimeter:
2a. Turn off the power at the consumer unit main switch, don't just switch off the circuit breaker for the immersion circuit.
2b. Disconnect all three incoming mains wires, i.e. live, neutral and earth.
2c. Use the multimeter to test for continuity between both terminals of the heater (the brass post in the foreground of your picture) and the body of the heater. If there is continuity, then the heater has gone.
2d. Test the resistance of the immersion (same brass posts) - should be about 18 ohms, but anything between 16 and 20 is OK. If less or more, faulty immersion.
2e. Test for continuity between each terminal of the thermostat and the body of the heater. Continuity = thermostat gone.
3. If its the thermostat, you can replace it without any water contact, it is housed in a sheath inside the body of the immersion, so should be dry.
4. If its the immersion heater, you need to drain off the small amount of water in the top of the cylinder after isolating the cold supply.
5. When reconnecting, make sure all terminals are properly tight.