Turning the other rads of is a problem due to the age of the rads they are very stiff and immovable.
in that case you will not have been able to balance the system. that will be one reason for your radiator not heating up.
As you did not use a cleaning chemical or inhibitor we can expect your system to be clogged up with corrosion sediment and sludge. Some of this sediment is hard, and some of it will flow around the system and settle in your new rad.
If you have got a feed and expansion tank in the loft (you did not answer that one) tie up the ball valve and bale out the mud and water, and sponge it clean. Buy a litre of Sentinel X400 at your DIY shed or plumbing merchant for about £15 (it is non-aggressive and easy for DIY use, do not buy a substitute), tip it into the F&E before you refill it, and drain a bucketful of water out of the drain cock. When you untie the ball valve and stir in the Sentinel, it will be drawn down into the radiators to replace the bucket of water you drained out.
When the circulating water goes jet black, you will know the X400 is loosening the old black sludge.
After 4 weeks drain it out and rinse the system. On final flush add a litre of Sentinel X100 to prevent future corrosion.
Most often this will loosen and wash out enough sludge to get the system working again. Powerflushing costs hundreds of pounds and is the next step if you can't get it clean with the chemicals.
While you have it drained you might think about replacing those old jammed valves with new ones. Rad valves only cost a few pounds each. If the pipes run along the walls or come out of wooden floors, they will probably have enough slack on them to fit replacements. However if they are held firm in concrete floors it is much more difficult.
Do the chemical clean first. You can start today.