Not usually like that.
There are several variants of Power Over Ethernet.
Alternative A transports power on the same wires as data for 10 and 100 Mbit/s Ethernet variants, so you
could use the cable splitting technique to make two 2-pair cables from one 4-pair cable.
Alternative B separates the data and the power conductors, and uses all four twisted pairs in a typical Cat 5 cable. The positive voltage runs along pins 4 and 5, and the negative along pins 7 and 8, so you couldn't split the cable.
For Gigabit Ethernet and faster, all four pairs are used for data transmission, and for
4PPoE all four pairs are used for power transmission, so you couldn't split the cable here either. This enables higher power for applications like PTZ cameras, high-performance wireless access points, or even charging laptop batteries.
Also, PoE devices have resistors in to signal to the power supply what type of power they need. This probably rules out splitting the power to multiple devices without using a POE-powered PoE-supplying network switch/hub. I don't know if such a thing exists or how much it costs.
(from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_over_Ethernet )