Well, current theories (although remember that the theory of quanta is only 100 years old) would say that your particles are NOT whizzing off to some farflung corner of the galaxy to be part of something else. You are limited by 2 factors:
1) The speed of light: no particles have been observed travelling faster than light
2) The stability of subatomic particles: any particle with mass has a finite life. The lifespan of neutrons, protons and electrons is a really long time, but for other particles, the general rule is that the more massive the particle the shorter it's life.
Also it depends on which subatomic particles you are talking of. For example, it is very, very unlikely that a quark will temporarily dissociate itself from a neutron in order to zoom off around the galaxy, as it would require so much energy that it would be hella massive and wouldn't be around for any appreciable length of time.
Of course, the emphasis is on "current theory"... try telling someone in 1800 that we are composed of nothing but nicely ordered energy and you would find yourself locked up in a looney bin. Who knows, some genius could make a breakthrough in a few years that allows easy faster than light travel, or proves that subatomic particles fly out of your ass, halfway across the galaxy and then return via your left nostril.
There is a lot of crazy funky physics to discover still!