I'm afraid there is some miscommunication here...
that existing wiring looks suspect.
Brown should be the live feed - to both the thermostatic switch and, if fitted, to power the heater on a by-metallic strip thermostat or to power the display in an electronic thermostat if this is not battery powered.
Blue should be the common neutral needed for a mains powered thermostat but not for a battery powered one.
There should then be a switched live and it appears on your wiring that the earth conductor has been used for this.
Although generally true for a room thermostat, the OP has changed the Drayton HTS3.
This is a tank thermostat, it does not have a neutral, but does have Common, Normally Open (NO) and Normally closed (NC) terminals.
traditional gravity fed system
You call it a traditional gravity fed system, yet having a 3 port valves suggests you have a fully pumped 'Y' plan system.
Regarding the wiring, the old stat had Brown to Common, Blue to NC and Green/Yellow to NO.
This appears to have been connected correctly to the new tank stat...
Satisfied = NC
Call for heat = NO
So, it should work, if the old system was working correctly. What made you change the tank stat?
No ,there was no black cable
There is no black 'Cable', but there does appear to be another core (a black wire), within the existing cable. This has been cut short, but could be reinstated if there is enough slack in the cable.
You would simply swap the green/yellow wire connections, for the black wire.
For the sake of the regs, the black wire and the blue wire should be oversleeved in brown to denote them both as switched lives.
However, for the sake of troubleshooting, leave them as they are for now!