Bloody hell, I've seldom seen a thread get so seriously out of hand. And yes, I've come in at a late stage, and things are progressing, but I think a degree of common sense needs injecting - there are too many people trying to prove they are right, and forgetting to keep things concise.
Firstly, we should be dealing with Mrs clueless, as she's got a better grasp of things.
Whoever put the mcbs in the fuse box should have been professional enough to put in a new fuse box, and even over-ridden the owner if he'd insisted on a cheap job; this alone would have solved the RCD issue and brought things up to spec, and it should be done at the next stage of the work. And then run a separate fuse to the alarm when it's done, so that it can isolated easily rather than taking the fuse out of the unswitched fuse spur.
When the three new sockets were put in, the "sparkie" obviously just cut into an existing circuit, that's why there's no new wires going back to the fuse box.
The down stairs hall lights are a 2 way circuit and are fed from the upstairs ring circuit, which is why it doesn't turn off when the downstairs switch is turned off.
I suspect that light are coming on when when the wrong light are switched on, because the circuit has been cut into, and the wires crossed over. Alternatively (but doubtfully) a feed has been taken from the wrong side of a ceiling light fitting, or crossed wires in one. It's just going to take a good electrician to check over the circuits rather than us following the overly complicated combinations that Mr C's been giving us.
The sparks brought in by the builder possibly isn't a registered sparkie, so his details should be checked out. If he's not registered, then all costs are down to the builder to put things right. And having seen what he's done so far, I wouldn't have him back in, even if he is registered. And if the builder keep insisting that his lad hasn't caused an issue, then Mr C is just going to have to get someone in to do circuit test, and then use it to argue with the builder and take it to the small claims court, or just put it down to experience and swallow the costs.