There's already a database for this information, the NHS labs all have pipelines set up to push data into it. For the lighthouse labs they didn't have the pipelines and decided to set up a parallel system to get the data in.I find it hard to understand why they didnt use a database to do it.
surely covid test data cant require many fields.
That parallel system, the one that failed, seems to have used Excel as part of the process used to get the data into the right format for inserting it into the main database. Or just as a 'database' of its own.
As for the data? I'd guess it has a lot of metadata. Not much for a database, but plenty when a human is reading it.
But this is a lot of guesswork based on hints and details in reports, so I might be wrong.