it just takes longer to freeze and fill the pipe with ice. By which time weather has probably got warmer.
Exactly the problem I have - See other thread. I had no problem if it freezes overnight. But if it stays mainly sub-zero for several days the drain pipe, although properly sized, will freeze and block. Insulation only slows down the process - If it stays sub-zero for long enough, inside the pipe will still freeze and ice will start to build up eventually blocking the pipe.