I can see why the arguments for vinyl still exist. Of course, an audiophile turntable to make full use of the LP is bloomin' expensive!
The effective bandwidth of the two media is about the same: vinyl is up to 20kHz or so, a CD is sampled at 44.1kHz. Which means, if you remember your Nyquist theorem, that you can faithfully reproduce signals up to 22kHz. However, the frequency response curve of vinyl is, as you pointed out, far from flat, certainly in comparison to CD. Which is back to the personal-preference dimension. Vinyl might sound "better", even if it sounded better to everyone it wouldn't necessarily have a superior sound quality. It is exactly the same as my preference to add a touch of extra bass.
Now, I have a turntable, a pretty decent one. It's basically a clone of a Technics SL1200. It wasn't cheap, and I think it does a pretty good job of playing vinyl. But the turntables that people claim to have better sound reproduction than CD cost upwards of £20K! And I can't remember if that includes the tone arm and cartridge. It looked more like a potter's wheel than a piece of hi-fi
Jtaunton, you are correct. Damaging the label side causes problems as the laser in the CD player is focused at this point, not the "playing side" surface of the disc. I found my CDs only started getting knackered when I kept them in the car, I think it is the temperature cycling that ruins them. Also, I agree with the quantisation steps being too small to be noticable. However, DVD-A uses 24-bit quantisation, perhaps it helps reduce compression noise?
When I was 17 I used to record tapes for the car, my preferred method was to record from vinyl to cassette with Dolby switched on, then play them back in the car with it turned off. I'm sure audiophiles would scream, but it is what sounded nicest to me