Does it still trip if the old cable is connected into terminals at the mid-way JB, nothing connecting those terminals together and nothing is connected in the other side of the terminals?
Yes is does.
To start with I wired the 2 earths (cables 3 and 4) into the same terminal, then tried with each in a separate terminal and then leaving cable 4 un terminated as it used to be terminated to an earth post in the old socket and there isn't a corresponding earth post in the new junction box.
All 3 variations tripped the breaker.
How is the armouring on the existing cable now connected to earth at each end? Does the armoured cable go all the way to the garage consumer unit, and if so how is the armouring earthed there? How was it connected to earth? Is the new JB plastic or metal? Was the old socket plastic or metal?
You need to access the other end of the cable, so that you, or an electrician, can test the cable and confirm it is installed and terminated correctly, at each end.