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peaps
Yes, but you might find that the house responds better to being re-plastered with lime, not all this modern stuff. The difference is that lime mortar is breathable and so dampness is naturally controlled, but modern stuff is all impervious and so retains water in the walls, which then tries to get out somewhere else. Basically the two types of construction are incompatible and if you do modern on the old then you are likely to start chasing the symptoms of a dampness problem which was caused somewhere else.Regarding replacing the lime plaster with more lime plaster, is that necessary? I'm not precious about the victorian-ness - the house has not one original feature left in it (apart from maybe all the plaster that I just hacked off, lol).
Try googling for "period property" + dampness and have a good look at what you find. Then at least you should be informed enough to still be happy with your decision to avoid using lime plaster. (or perhaps you might have changed your mind!).
If you want to see my credentials then have a good look at my blog http://houseintheenchantedforest.blogspot.com/. In the last year I have changed a cold pile of stone and damp wood into a lovely warm and dry house without using cement etc.
NB That wall with the stairs behind: you say "This wall's really thin and has wood within the brickwork" Actually of course it's the other way round - it has bricks (infill) within the woodwork (the structural item). And you say you have no original features left...
Interested in the grade your home is listed..?