The consensus seems to be condensation on a cold wall in the absence of any obvious water infiltration.
If you increase local air circulation, any condensation there will evaporate, drying out the area, inhibiting mould growth, and the temperature of the wall will rise to become the same as the inside air.
If there is no temperature difference then there will be no condensation.
You have a fan for hot summer days don't you? You asked for other suggestions - try it out. If it works, consider getting a little fan for just this purpose, as a big fan is overkill.
Don't forget to clean off the mould first - you don't want to disperse all those spores. Some would recommend a proprietary mould remedy.
(I would use neat thick bleach in that situation, painted (not scrubbed) directly onto the black mould with a synthetic bristle paintbrush, and left to dry. The mouldy area should lose all the colour of the fungus and leave the wall colour clean. It may need another application. Don't rinse with clean water, just wipe with a slightly damp cloth afterwards.)