The 24x16 washer will be fine, it possible this plastic thing has been put in as a bodge, the thickness 3mm could be what's made it fail.
As Harry has suggested try the compressed cardboard for a temporary fix. Lightly coat the cardboard with silicone sealant (fernox lsx works well with plumbing and heating)
24x18x1.5 seem to be the most popular size and will work perfectly fine. If you do need the 3mm thickness you can always double the washer, not ideal, but being fibre material it shouldn't be an issue
As Harry has suggested try the compressed cardboard for a temporary fix. Lightly coat the cardboard with silicone sealant (fernox lsx works well with plumbing and heating)
24x18x1.5 seem to be the most popular size and will work perfectly fine. If you do need the 3mm thickness you can always double the washer, not ideal, but being fibre material it shouldn't be an issue