As said my present ladder, has a pair of sliding pivoted hinges, on the edge of the loft opening. The top end of the ladder has a hinged bracket, which is hinged where it meets the top of the ladder, and where it fixes to the loft floor - that forces the ladder to follow a fixed arc, as it is pushed up out of the way.
Remember, your ladder will need space above, when you push it up, pull it down. It needs to be carefully planned.
Generally, yes. My last one came with an L shaped tube, to hook the ladder down. My present one has a tube with a plastic hook on the end, which serves to hook the ladder down, and to release the door catch. It came with a door catch.
Avoid the push the hatch to latch, push to release types, they jam.