^^^
Very good advice.
OP if you're not prepared to open the wall (from one side or t'other) and put some timber or ply in and make good, you could at the very least buy a second set of towel rail brackets and double up on fixings.
Even so, a bit risky IMO.
It's not a really a case of not being willing to open the wall. Given the poor quality of construction I am worried that doing anything like that will weaken the wall. We are talking about a 50mm deep wall.
Thanks nevertheless.