Hence the human population were more prone to disease from lack of sanitation!
Cat poo dissolved by rain water and cat pee both soak into soil and are ingested into plant roots. Cat waste is high in Nitrogen so can actually kill plants.
Urine in sufficient quantities will burn grass. You get an interesting halo effect. The grass in the middle dies and then the grass on the parameter is much healthier than the grass further away from the centre.
Dog owners can buy food supplements that contain DL-Methionine (an amino acid). It changes the PH value of the urine and prevents grass burn. I am not aware of any such product for cats.