I really meant directly above it (as the hot air and smoke will rise). A plaster ceiling is pretty fireproof.
Or beside it (just in case)
Or under it (in case a hot bit fell out of the bottom).
You could avoid all of these by not having shelves or cupboards adjacent to it. 300mm should be plenty.
All of these are very unlikely to happen, though. As you have seen from your previous experience, even though the busbar got hot enough to burn away the bottom of the MCB, the heat was contained within the enclosure, and there is just a small distortion of the front cover under the bad MCB.
The design is that overheating will be contained within the enclosure. Bad contacts will eventually burn away so they then stop overheating (this is common in Shower switches).
I expect your CU is fitted to a plastered wall, which again is fireproof. Some older people like to fit then to a backing board; either MDF or chipboard (which is difficult to set alight) or, my preference, laminated board as used in kitchens (the melamine surface will not support a flame).
I have to confess that i have some cardboard boxes stacked next to my own in the garage
but also a smoke detector on the ceiling wired to the house.