A tarp is a good start.
Try some hessian sacking under the tarp to help provide additional protection if needed.
Go ahead with the mortar but put something over it overnight. Some old carpet or sheets of card board followed by a tarp will do.
As for the cut it can not be disguised so your best bet is to use an original side or face if at all possible. Where is this cut for so we can suggest a work around?
if you do any concrete/mortar work and expect a frost, protect it with the covers as this will stop the water in the wet mortar/concrete freezing and damaging the final product.
As for the block... why is the side on show, I took that you are replacing the two dummy blocks with a whole cut block. surely the cut will be in the wall and not on the front face?
As for the cut it can not be disguised so your best bet is to use an original side or face if at all possible. Where is this cut for so we can suggest a work around?
Are you really worrying about a cut that will be all but concealed by the blocks either side, and in any case only visible from the back, and even then only if you don't bring soil or plants etc up to the back of the blocks?
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