Hepatitis b can be transmitted in several ways:
From mother to baby during pregnancy
From blood/blood products contamination
Sharing injecting drug use equipment, razors etc
Hepatitis b is also a sexually transmitted infection and can be transmitted via unprotected oral, anal and vaginal sex
There are several different regimes for hepatitis b vaccination.
Normal schedule is given over a six month period (0, 1 and 5 months) - so the first vaccine is given with a second in a months time and the final one 5 months after the second injection - a post vaccination blood test to check antibody levels should be done 8 weeks after the last injection. A booster injection is required 5 years later or earlier if there has been a risk exposure - for example an accidential injury with a used needle
However, in my line of work I provide a rapid schedule which is given over a shorter period of time (0, 1 and 2 months) - the first injection is given, followed by the second an month later and the final one a month after the second injection. A post vaccination blood test is taken after 2 months and a booster dose of vaccine given if required - if not required at that time a booster is given 12 months later.
There is also a super accelerated course (0, 7 and 21 days) where the second vaccine is given 7 days afer the first and the third injection is given 21 days after the second injection.
Hepatitis A is transmitted via the faecal oral route - so can be transmitted from contaminated water in some countries in the world where raw sewage enters the gneral drinking water supplies.
Heaptitis A can also be transmitted via certain sexual practices!!
Two injections are usually given six months apart which will provide 10 years protection.
If you have only one of the injections the protection will last for 5 years.
Hepatitis C is transmitted via:
Contaminated blood/blood products
Sharing of injecting drug using equipment including filters and spoons
Mother to baby during pregnancy
Sexual transmission.
Unfortunately at the present time there is no vaccine available to provide protection against hepatitis C.
If you are travelling to Countries where there are problems with hepatitis A, your GP will provide the injections for this (you may have to pay the prescription fee though).
Hepatitis a is available free from some sexual health clinics if you are exposing yourself to a risk sexually (gay, bisexual or men who have sex with men)
Hepatitis b vaccine can be provided free if your job exposes you to a risk eg health care professionals etc. This can be obtained from your occupational health department or GP.
If you are exposing yourself to higher risk via sexual transmission, it is available free from some sexual health clinics (gay, bisexual, men who have sex with men & sex workers).