I'm guessing the landing is just a small square one, between the two doors, which makes it an awkward one. The ladder base would have to extend through one of those doors and you would be banging your head on the door frame going up it.
The other way would be for the ladder to extend towards the stairs, but I'm assuming that wall at the top of the stair, is the outside wall - that would preclude (because of the wall) using the usual type of ladder, where it would expect to be pushed up and away from you.
The hatch size is fine to squeeze through, unless you are especially large. You could maybe investigate a permanent ladder fixed vertically up that wall as a solution. You can buy ready made wooden ones, which are of the type which mean you have to go up them with your feet in the correct order - they have a alternating ledges for your feet, hit and miss. They are impossible to use with anything in your hands, you need both hands to cling on.
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