Hacman said:
I guarantee you that when a shower maker specifies "8.5kW" for his product he means at 240V. Which is what we have in practice.
But if it makes you any happier:
"Can you work out 7800 ÷ 230 ?"
Softus said:
So the minimum in the UK is more like 225V than 230V. For I realise the the EU requirement is different, but I have no idea whether or not the UK is illegal.
For many years the supply voltage for single-phase supplies in the UK was 240V +/- 6%, giving a possible spread of voltage from 226V to 254 V. For three-phase supplies the voltage was 415 V +/- 6%, the spread being from 390 V to 440V. Most continental voltage levels have been 220/380V.
In 1988 an agreement was reached (CENELEC Harmonisation Document HD472)that voltage levels across Europe should be unified at 230V single phase and 400V three-phase with effect from January 1st, 1995. Those countries with a nominal voltage of 240V (like the UK) were obliged to move to 230V +10% -6%, and those on 220V moved to 230V +6% -10%.
It was proposed that on January 1st, 2003 the tolerance levels would be widened to ±10%, and then that was pushed back to 2005, and then in July 2001 the CENELEC Technical Board decided to continue with the existing tolerances until 2008.
In any event, the European-wide harmonisation is not being done by having common supply voltages, but by requiring manufacturers to make products which operate over a much wider range. Since the present supply voltages in the UK lie within the acceptable spread of values, Supply Companies are not intending to reduce their voltages in the near future. This is hardly surprising, because such action would immediately reduce the energy used by consumers (and the income of the Companies) by more than 8%, although when the system is under heavy load the generating companies happily take advantage of the lower limit.