Population growth is still a problem really even at 2.4 if it's already too high which it probably is. These sorts of things are usually self limiting. You can find some good examples on a video on youtube when forecasts fail due to that but the question with this one is what will limit it. It seems China enforced birth control for a while at least. It wasn't well received. Larger families were popular in the UK not all that long ago. 2 reasons, some didn't make it and the younger generation looking after the old. The state took that over based on the working paying for the retired. Then that changed with a rather low state back up being available but working time to get that extended as well. Birthrate changes alter the age ranges in the population - fewer people going into the bottom end to support it all and people living longer.
A recent report suggests the fertility rate is dropping quicker than expected:
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2...illages?utm_source=pocket-newtab-global-en-GB
"An influential
study published in the
Lancet last year predicted that the global population would come to a peak much earlier than expected – reaching 9.73 billion in 2064 – before dropping to 8.79 billion by 2100. Falling birthrates, noted the authors, were likely to have significant “economic, social, environmental, and geopolitical consequences” around the world."
Study here:
https://www.thelancet.com/article/S0140-6736(20)30677-2/fulltext#
One issue that is often overlooked is the fact that people are living longer, meaning that population growth will continue, even if the birth rate drops.
We live in a consumer society where the basic idea is to get more and more people to buy as often as possible. That uses up materials and energy. Car ownership exploded in the UK not all that long ago. One of the side effects was people could easily travel further to work. Buses in B'ham were timed to get people to work especially larger factories and concentrated manufacturing areas. Don't I know it - there was even one to get me there if I was late. More and more cars meant trip times went up - for buses as well.
We still are a consumer society. How much we buy is one of the metrics on how well our country is doing. The old one has gone.
These few things make it difficult to find a fix so currently the answer is to pass the problem down to the public. Insulate your house etc, change to an electric car even though the grid probably can't take the load that would be needed to replace fuel. The energy and rather a lot of it needs to come from some where. Cut your air miles when the providers want business as do people want their holidays. Some needs are provided by countries that pollute more. These want to grow as well.
And this is just part of the problem
A consumer society based upon economic growth, which is the real killer. The good news hidden in this is that there is a limit to how much physical stuff people will buy. An example of this is Ikea - they have said they have hit this limit in the UK:
https://www.theguardian.com/busines...k-home-furnishings-says-ikea-boss-consumerism
But limiting economic growth is more important, as countries catch up to us, and drive this growth further. We need to work out how to have a more sustainable growth and not deprive poorer nations from enjoying a better lifestyle, which is far from simple, but not impossible. A good starting point for this is the book Doughnut Economics by Kate Ramworth. It doesn't have all the answers, but its certainly a start.
Remember, even if we went carbon free, and sucked all of the excess CO2 from the atmosphere, economic growth would still cause the Earth to heat up eventually, owing to waste heat, in about 200years.
As for car ownership... well that is a bit tricky to reduce when you have urban design based upon car use. See my comments on the cycling thread.