As far as I understand it, due to the effect of temperature on the resistance, for a tungsten lamp. The current increases roughly in proportion to the square route of the increase in voltage.... i.e double voltage for a 41% increase in current, which equates to a doubling of the power. The brilliance though, increases in proportion to the cube of the voltage increase so its 8x as bright.
Somewhere the trade-off between acceptable efficiency and lamp life occurs, it is possible to make a lamp which never blows, but would not be worthwhile running! (hence the odd lamp from 80-100 years ago still working!) It is ironic that as GLS lamps are phased out, rough service lamps are not as they are special purpose, however they are ending up in general service as GLS are not available. They are less efficient than GLS and GLS was phased out for green reasons.
Somewhere the trade-off between acceptable efficiency and lamp life occurs, it is possible to make a lamp which never blows, but would not be worthwhile running! (hence the odd lamp from 80-100 years ago still working!) It is ironic that as GLS lamps are phased out, rough service lamps are not as they are special purpose, however they are ending up in general service as GLS are not available. They are less efficient than GLS and GLS was phased out for green reasons.