Wiring lights in series

I'm not all that happy (and not convinced about reg-compliance) of bernard's approach of having a switch in the neutral to one of the lamps which can be operated independently of the switch in the L supply to the same lamp.
What if light Y's Neutral was connected directly to N at switch B? Would you still be concerned?
I don't really understand. Light Y's neutral side is already "connected directly to neutral" - why does it matter where it is connected to neutral?

So, yes, unless I'm misunderstanding, I would still be concerned - see my latest response to bernard (probably the post preceding this one).

Kind Regards, John
 
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lamp X would not be lit, but at least one side of it (both sides if the lamp were intact) of it would be at L potential - which is surely a potentially hazardous situation?
Yes both sides would be Live, as they would be if the Neutral in a standard set up went open circuit. So while for the un-wary person the 230 volts on the Neutral might be a bit of a shock the more aware person would treat the Neutral as a live conductor.
 
What you say is correct and would seem to contradict 132.14.1 but would it be acceptable controlled by an isolation switch which disconnected all live conductors.
 
I'm not sure you noticed John, but the x-axis is not voltage, so the graph could be misleading.
No, I confess I hadn't noticed - I suppose I subconsciously 'trusted' BAS to have posted a light vs. voltage curve! So my original suggestion (which I also confess I haven't yet checked) that light output is roughly proportional to voltage to the power 3.4 may have been correct. Whatever, I think it is clear that connecting more than two incandescent lamps across a voltage source equal to the nominal working voltage of one of them will not result in a particularly useful amount of light output!

Kind Regards, John
 
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As yet I have not come across a standard main light switch that was make before break.
I don't think they exist. However, that is moot, because nor do I think that 2p2w ones exist (as ';electrical accessories), either - and, as I said, use of a 2p2w switch is crucial with the circuit I posted, since having separate 1p2w switches would be disastrous!

Kind Regards, John
 
I'm not all that happy (and not convinced about reg-compliance) of bernard's approach of having a switch in the neutral to one of the lamps which can be operated independently of the switch in the L supply to the same lamp.
What if light Y's Neutral was connected directly to N at switch B? Would you still be concerned?
I don't really understand. Light Y's neutral side is already "connected directly to neutral" - why does it matter where it is connected to neutral?
My point is that in the diagram the N at switch B looks separate, were the light Y N connected to the switch then its purpose would not be as confusing.

I just thought that if all conductors went through switch(es) B/C it would be more obvious.
 
lamp X would not be lit, but at least one side of it (both sides if the lamp were intact) of it would be at L potential - which is surely a potentially hazardous situation?
Yes both sides would be Live, as they would be if the Neutral in a standard set up went open circuit.
Yes, but you are now talking about a fault which could arise. Actually 'designing in' a switch, operation of which would emulate such a fault would surely be dangerous, irresponsible and probably non-compliant with regs?

Kind Regards, John
 
What you say is correct and would seem to contradict 132.14.1 but would it be acceptable controlled by an isolation switch which disconnected all live conductors.
I don't think so. Having a separate switch in the L (or L+N) would not make the switch in the neutral itself any more compliant - after all, operation of that switch in the neutral would still create a hazardous situation (light off but L still connected to one or both sides of lamp) if the 'isolator' were 'on'.

I do not believe that, with separate independent switches B & C, bernard's proposal would be compliant with regs (at LV).

Kind Regards, John
 
My point is that the regulations cater for a neutral being at 230 volts to ensure that a fault does not create a hazard. That is why BS7671 requires that all the conductors in an installation should be treated as a live conductor. Insulated and sheathed ( or inside mechanical protection ) Unlike some un-regulated places where the Neutral for an electric shower is the copper water pipe. ( please do not try this cable saving method in the UK ).
 
I don't really understand. Light Y's neutral side is already "connected directly to neutral" - why does it matter where it is connected to neutral?
My point is that in the diagram the N at switch B looks separate, were the light Y N connected to the switch then its purpose would not be as confusing.
I still don't really understand - what matters in service is that both lamp and switch B are connected to neutral, regardless of how/where they are connected. It remains the case that with separte switches B and C, the arrangement "A down, B up, C down" would be hazardous - hence the reason why switch B is non-compliant.

Kind Regards, John
 
My point is that the regulations cater for a neutral being at 230 volts to ensure that a fault does not create a hazard.
That's a totally different matter, and nothing to do with what we are discussing. The fact remains that your switch B, if independent from switch C, would create an unnecessary hazard and, presumably for the same reason, would seemingly not be compliant with regulations.

Kind Regards, John
 
I still don't really understand - what matters in service is that both lamp and switch B are connected to neutral, regardless of how/where they are connected. It remains the case that with separte switches B and C, the arrangement "A down, B up, C down" would be hazardous - hence the reason why switch B is non-compliant.
I don't think that any worse, per se, than switches with two or more circuits; it is up to the person to isolate and test for dead.

Sparkwright managed to figure out his discovery.


If it is against the regs. then that's that.

However, neutral switching is allowed within appliances and the like.
 
I still don't really understand - what matters in service is that both lamp and switch B are connected to neutral, regardless of how/where they are connected. It remains the case that with separte switches B and C, the arrangement "A down, B up, C down" would be hazardous - hence the reason why switch B is non-compliant.
I don't think that any worse, per se, than switches with two or more circuits; it is up to the person to isolate and test for dead.
I'm not sure that a lot of householders wanting to change a lamp/bulb would even know what "isolate and test for dead" means, and I certainly wouldn't get rich if I got a £ for every householder who 'tested for dead' when changing a lamp/bulb (and they'd probably have to expose themselves to risk by removing the lamp/bulb before thay could do such a test!)
If it is against the regs. then that's that. ... However, neutral switching is allowed within appliances and the like.
Well, we're not talking about 'within appliances' - but, even if we were, where do you think that neutral (only) switching occurs within appliances?

Kind Regards, John
 
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My point is that the regulations cater for a neutral being at 230 volts to ensure that a fault does not create a hazard. That is why BS7671 requires that all the conductors in an installation should be treated as a live conductor.
I don't disagree with, and never have disagreed with, any of that (but see below**) but I still don't understand what bearing it has on what we are discussing - which is the danger created by having a SP switch in any neutral (as in your diagram).

[** ironically, BS7671 says that 'isolation' does not require isolation of neutral in a TN installation - even though, as you are always reminding us, TN-C-S is the situation in which it is most probable (albeit extremely improbable) that neutral potential would arise to appreciably above true earth. They obviously have faith in the fact that everthing in the installation will be equipotential with the TN 'earth', no matter what the pd between that and true earth]

Kind Regards, John
 
Double pole switching is allowed. What is the situation when switch contacts on the live pole weld together ? Switch OFF and the Neutral is open but the Live is still conected via the weld. If switched Neutrals were prohibited under all circumstances then double pole switches would be banned.
 

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