Over 23kΩ is generally accepted as not requiring bonding depending on the actual voltage.
You may use a higher figure if you wish but then you enter the realm of unnecessary and unwanted hazardous earthing - probably not a problem with a water pipe connected to CPCs.
Indeed, but that's because it is then essentially regarded as not being an extraneous-c-p.
Bernard is talking of the other extreme - i.e. as I understand it, he is suggesting that one should be able to decide not no bond if the impedance to earth were less than, say, 1Ω - which would seemingly be crazy, even if it did eliminate the (I would think incredibly tiny) risk of bonding conductors melting!
Bernard is talking of the other extreme - i.e. as I understand it, he is suggesting that one should be able to decide not no bond if the impedance to earth were less than, say, 1Ω - which would seemingly be crazy, even if it did eliminate the (I would think incredibly tiny) risk of bonding conductors melting!
I would say that it obviously should, and that the omission of bonding would be just crazy.
One thing which is probably being overlooked is that, in the event of a broken neutral, very high currents would only flow through bonding conductors to earth (as their 'return path') if a lot of high-current loads were 'switched on' in the affected part of the network. In that situation, those loads would represent a very low impedance, such that, unless it were extremely low, the impedance of the return path via the extraneous-c-p would substantially limit the current - quite possibly enough to eliminate any 'danger' to the bonding conductors. Furthermore, the VD is that 'return path' would probably be sufficiently high that a lot of the connected loads would cease to function (properly, or at all) and therefore might well be switched off.
... in the event of a broken neutral, very high currents would only flow through bonding conductors to earth (as their 'return path') if a lot of high-current loads were 'switched on' in the affected part of the network.
And also, there has to be an imbalanced load - eg all the houses on L1 putting their cookers on, while all the rest have gone out and left everything switched off. Rather unlikely ?
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