As the conveyor speeds up to match the wheel speed as stated, the wheels go even faster. This is a runaway runway! If you try to do this the wheels will eventually disintegrate but, unless a piece of wheel smashes into an engine, the plane will take off anyway.
Expanding this just a little further. Assuming the conveyor will be capable of matching any wheel speed, then even a slight forward movement of the aircraft would feed back via the conveyor and accelerate the wheel speed as the conveyor attempts to match it. If a balance were not reached where the conveyor speed equalled the wheel speed, i.e the aircraft stops moving forward, then the conveyor would continue to rapidly accelerate the wheel speed and exceed the point where tyre and wheel would be destroyed. How is the aircraft going to be able to roll forward if the wheels are destroyed?