England and Wales’ population of EU passport holders was 3.9 million on Census day 2021–smaller than the 5.5 million EU citizen applications to the EU settlement scheme (EUSS) in England and Wales. This suggests that many EU citizens who applied to the post-Brexit EUSS scheme had left the UK by March 2021, the Migration Observatory at the University of Oxford said today. The new Census data suggest that perhaps as many as one million EU citizens in England and Wales who had applied to the post-Brexit EU Settlement Scheme were no longer in the UK (see Notes to Editors for details).