I'm a bit confused. As you recently pointed out, even for those outbuildings for which most parts of the Building Regs don't apply, Part P (and hence, presumably, the relevant parts of Schedule 4) do still apply. That being the case, what part of Schedule 4 could allow one to install a CU, anywhere, without notification?Installing a CU in the garage may not be notifiable - depends how large the garage is, what it's made of, etc.
In any event, as I've just written to scousepark, if one does install a garage CU, then one is likely to have discrimination problems unless one upgrades the cable all the way back to the CU to something larger than the present 4mm² (hence allowing a house MCB >32A) - which probably ought to be notifiable. I realise that some people would claim that the existing 4mm² cable was damaged, and therefore 'replace' it with, say, 10mm² (we;re usually agreed that 'replacement' doesn't necessarily have to be 'like-for-like'!), and then extend that 10mm² 'existing circuit', but that's stretching things a bit!
Kind Regards, John