I know exactly how any heatbank or thermalstore works son. Would you like to call me a cowboy to my face?
Make some of the statements you've made here to my face and I would, so YES.
They gather any sludge from a system, therefore they are sludge buckets.
Radiators collect sludge from any system, so is a radiator also a sludge bucket ? Also, as I mentioned earlier, when you look at the diameter of a typical store, you could collect a
lot of sludge and it really doesn't matter - it's not affecting anything (unlike the piles of sludge in the diagrams used to sell flushing services).
By there very nature they can't transfer enough heat to the non ferous part of a radiator system. So all the sludge gathers in that primary water. Pyshics can't change that.
What on earth does that mean ?
You two are not Water Systems aka Dr Drivel etc etc by any chance?
No, I'm not.
Most boilers work with a max differential of about 25C so, if the flow is 78C, the return would not drop below 53C. Also, the boilers thermostat will bring the boiler on when the temperature drop about 10C.
I agree there will be some stratification. But 40C is way more than any boiler is designed to handle.
For a thermal store (rather than heat bank) there is a
lot of stratification.
Firstly, if you run the rads fully TRVd with smart pump*, then the return flows can be quite cool - not much above room temp under light load conditions. This will make the bottom of the store quite cool - certainly well below 53˚
Secondly, when you draw off hot water, you are putting mains temperature cold water into the bottom of the DHW coil -so it will cool the bottom of the store even more.
* IMO, any other arrangement would not be sensible.
In my setup, I had to artificially raise the boiler (turn the pump up high, use a TMV in the return) return to avoid condensing as it's still an old non-condensing boiler.
I am quite happy that I could setup a newer boiler to operate almost all the time in condensing mode - mind you I don't run the store all that hot (the stat is set at 65˚, the top will be somewhat warmer). You need to bear in mind that we have a known and fixed hydraulic environment and so you can set the flow at minimum required to make the boiler operate correctly without having to allow a margin for the variation in a normal system. Of course, part of selecting the boiler might mean avoiding manufacturers that can't make a boiler capable of working with low flow rates and large differentials - not all of them impose an arbitrary maximum of 25˚C (or whatever).
For heat banks (also included in what most people group as thermal stores) you don't need such high temperatures anyway - because they can have such large capacity PHEs. There are a different set of issues with heat banks though.
FWIW, I agree with those (including yourself) who criticise the high temperatures quoted by most thermal store manufacturers. The main reason for this is that it is an easy way to raise the nominal power output for the DHW coil. If you can manage with slightly less DHW output then they can be run considerably cooler.