When I left school my first apprenticeship was to follow my fathers trade (in fact I had offers on the same day and was persuaded to take the one with company supplied transport- bad move); that lasted 5 months before I was moved on (I/we really were cheap labour - outside in all weathers knocking old frames to pieces), moved on 'cause I embarrassed the workshop Forman; Next apprenticeship was as a 'Banksman' - I did learn somethings there, how to drive a Forklift truck and a Travelling Crane (still have the certificate somewhere). Then I moved on to the GPO.
A 3 year apprenticeship - moving from job role to job role seeing all aspects of the business for the first 2 years then 9 to 12 months on the job training for the job we did in the business. I stopped in that role for some 20 years before moving sideway as well as progressing through the ranks.
I'd say - a structure like that is what a 'proper' apprenticeship is.
About 23 years ago in my then job I was asked (given) an apprentice to mentor - a 'Modern' apprentice...
Was I impressed? no, not really. The lad had 6 to 9 months to complete his apprenticeship and 2 years to complete college. I was expected to mentor him through one role only supplying the absolute minimal background info to what would be the final job. At periods he really hated me 'cause part of my job was to be out of the office and away from playing with computers (the primary practical training course) - I take him out with me, where I'd made prior arrangements for him to see other parts of the business including how they fitted into the company as a whole, but telling him he had to produce a report on return to the office.
To me that was not a proper apprenticeship, even with the addition of the extra stuff I put in to the person I was mentoring.
In the 2010's working for a different division the company then had batches of apprentices on 2 year courses including college. this time a period spent with every job role. That I was pleased with, especially as I had chance to supply an integrated 'look' at the role the group I worked in played in the business. I was the apprentice 'lead' in our group reporting back to HR.
Much better, and seeing their presence on 'LinkedIn' I see that 6 out of the 8 have pretty good jobs nowadays.
The Modern apprenticeship scheme of the 2000's was not very good for a skilled role, to me it just seemed like a 'Fast Track' method of getting 'youths' into (semi-skilled) work. I'd hate to see a resumption of that scheme pushed by the next government (no matter which colour).
When my father was working there was a push to get him to take on an apprentice, something he didn't have the time or structure for. A neighbour in the same business did take one on for 4 years at the end of which when the neighbour thought he was going to get some of his investment back the apprentice upped and left taking with him several clients.
If the government want's to see more 'proper' apprentices and apprenticeships then they need to plan it out properly including financially (a wages and training cost financial input for at least 2 years). Most small (<30 employees) cannot really afford todays non-productive costs of an apprentice.